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Benvenuto Tisi, or Il Garofalo, was a Late Renaissance-Mannerist Italian painter of the School of Ferrara. Garofalo’s career began in the court of the Duke d’Este. His early works have been described as “idyllic”, but they often conform to the elaborate conceits favored by the artistically refined Ferrarese court.

Born in Ferrara, Garofalo is claimed to have apprenticed under Panetti, and perhaps Costa, and was a contemporary of Dosso Dossi and sometimes collaborator. In 1495, he worked at Cremona under Boccaccino, who initiated him into Venetian colouring. He may have spent three years (1509-1512) in Rome. This led to a classical style, more influenced by Giulio Romano.

Even his least successful works retain, amid their frigid and porcelain quality, a harmony which marks Venetian colouring. His youthful works include the Boar Hunt in the Palazzo Sciarra. Later, the Knight’s Procession in the Palazzo Colonna in Rome — gave promise of an Italianate Cuyp, less commonplace and more romantic and refined than the Dutch artist.

His youthful works, such as The Boar Hunt in the Palazzo Sciarra and The Virgin in the Clouds with Four Saints (1518) in the Academy of Fine Arts in Venice are among his masterpieces. The Pietà (1527) in the Brera Gallery in Milan reveals an increasingly stylized treatment. The Madonna (1532) in the Modena Gallery is a charming picture; however, the large Triumph of Religion in the Atheneum at Ferrara has been described as a “bookish” affair, whose episodes are difficult to elucidate. Garofalo is one of the painters known and described by Vasari. From 1550 until his death, Garofalo was blind. In 1520, Girolamo da Carpi is said to have apprenticed in Garofalo’s workshop and worked with him on the Ferrarese projects from 1530-1540.

Anthology of works:

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